<![CDATA[followthescience.nl - Psychology in Practice]]>Fri, 17 Mar 2023 19:22:39 +0100Weebly<![CDATA[Life Crafting as an evidence based tool]]>Mon, 28 Nov 2022 13:05:14 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/life-crafting-as-an-evidence-based-toolProf. Schippers discusses how to increase your own, your co-workers' and the company's performance.

Prof. Michaéla Schippers will talk about how to master the skill of life crafting: “a process in which people actively reflect on their present and future life, set goals for important areas of life—social, career, and leisure time—and, if required, make concrete plans and undertake actions to change these areas in a way that is more congruent with their values and wishes.” As a professor of behaviour and performance management, she has made it her life goal to let other people shine and prosper. Prof. Schippers developed a tool that can help you and your co-workers craft an ideal life by thinking about what this ideal life could look like, and contrast this with thinking what life would look like if you follow the current chosen path.
originally published on https://www.youtube.com/@rsmerasmusuniversity
]]><![CDATA[5 - Prisoners Dilemma]]>Sun, 16 Oct 2022 15:09:33 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/5-prisoners-dilemmaA prisoner’s dilemma is a paradoxical situation in which individuals appearing to choose for their self-interest, will not have an optimal outcome as a group. In a classic prisoner’s dilemma, individuals have the greatest payoffs if they betray the group instead of cooperating with the others. While choosing self-interest is incentivized, in repeating the game, players can devise a strategy that would actually rewards cooperation.

In the classic prisoner’s dilemma two bank robbers, arrested and interrogated in separate rooms, have a choice to cooperate (not betray each other by remaining silent) or to defect (betray the other by testifying). The authorities can only prove the case if they can convince at least one of them to betray the other and testify. Both robbers can minimize total jail time by cooperating and remaining silent, but they are better off individually if they defect (i.e. betray the other). The best-case scenario in terms of shorter jail time for both is when they both cooperate and remain silent.

In society, this is often shown as the “tragedy of the commons”, where it is in the collective interest not to deplete collective natural resources (e.g., a grassland for grazing), but it appears to be in the individual interest to take “as much as possible” from the collective resources. In society, people are often taught to take the best interest of society in mind, and there are often incentives in place to do so. Also, people reciprocate behavior, and for instance reward kindness and collaboration.
]]><![CDATA[4 - The Death Spiral]]>Wed, 28 Sep 2022 09:26:38 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/4-the-death-spiralDit Engels gesproken gesprek heeft Nederlandse ondertitel in de YouTube video.
Just like an army of ants in the animal kingdom, individuals, groups and even whole societies are sometimes caught up in a death spiral, a vicious cycle of self-reinforcing dysfunctional behavior. According to prof. Schippers, a death spiral is characterized by continuous flawed decision making where one bad decision leads to another, which can even lead to the collapse of an individual, group or society.

In this episode of Follow the Science, prof. Schippers explains what a death spiral is, how you can recognize it and how individuals, groups and even societies can snap out of it. In order for you to reflect on your own personal life, and find out what you can contribute to society, participating in life crafting (https://ikigaitv.nl/life-crafting/) and Letters to the future (https://www.greatcitizensmovement.org/how-to/) is a good start. Also, reading and signing the Great Citizens Declaration (https://www.greatcitizensmovement.org/signing-the-declaration/) might be a good first step on escaping the ant mill and creating a brighter future for ourselves and the world.
Individuen, groepen en zelfs hele samenlevingen raken soms verstrikt in een “doodsspiraal” (death spiral) een vicieuze cirkel van zichzelf versterkend disfunctioneel gedrag, vergelijkbaar bij wat leger mieren in het dierenrijk ook kan overkomen. Volgens prof. Schippers, wordt een doodsspiraal gekenmerkt door voortdurende gebrekkige besluitvorming waarbij de ene slechte beslissing de andere opvolgt, wat zelfs kan leiden tot de ineenstorting van het individu, de groep of zelfs een hele samenleving. In deze aflevering van Follow the Science legt prof. Schippers uit wat een doodsspiraal is, hoe je die kunt herkennen en hoe individuen, groepen en zelfs samenlevingen er weer uit kunnen komen.

Om te reflecteren op je eigen persoonlijke leven en te ontdekken wat jij kunt bijdragen aan de samenleving, doe je mee aan life crafting (https://ikigaitv.nl/life-crafting/) en Brieven aan de toekomst (https:// www.greatcitizensmovement.org/how-to/) is een goed begin. Ook kan het lezen en ondertekenen van de gemoderniseerde wereldwijde Burger Verklaring (https://www.greatcitizensmovement.org/signing-the-declaration/) een goede eerste stap zijn om aan de mierenmolen te ontsnappen en een betere toekomst voor onszelf en de wereld te creëren.

]]><![CDATA[3 - Cognitive Dissonance]]>Fri, 16 Sep 2022 16:12:06 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/cognitive-dissonanceCognitive dissonance occurs when a person has two contradicting cognitions (e.g., “I smoke a lot and I like to continue doing this” and ”smoking is bad for my health”). This causes an uncomfortable feeling. People can choose to solve this and engage in cognitive dissonance reduction in two ways: (1) by changing their attitude (“conclude that research on smoking is inconclusive” or “my uncle was very old when he died and he smoked a lot”), or (2) by changing their behavior (quit smoking).

​Most people experience conflicting cognitions from time to time, often between short term rewards and long-term adverse consequences. These can for instance be about health and pleasure, eating unhealthy or smoking may give short-term rewards but these often have long-term adverse consequences. People who do not want to give up their habits (or sometimes their world-view) will be inclined to rationalize their actions, for instance by remembering a family member who lived to be 82 with an unhealthy habit such as smoking a lot. In this film, prof. Schippers explains what it is, how you can recognize it and will give tips on how you can try to optimize decisions in your life. 
Write your own Letter to the Future: https://www.greatcitizensmovement.org/about-letters-to-the-future/
]]><![CDATA[2 - Agnotology]]>Fri, 26 Aug 2022 15:48:53 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/agnotologyAgnotology -- culturally induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data--, is something of all times, but it seems especially an issue in current times. While many instances claim to “follow the science”, it seems science is not settled on this point. 

This video is about what agnotology is, how you could recognize it and what you can do about it yourself. What may help you  assess information? What is (mis)information, but information that we can filter for ourselves?

People have trouble weighing the information from science due to agnotology (see for instance  Frontiers | For the Greater Good? The Devastating Ripple Effects of the Covid-19 Crisis (frontiersin.org) and Full article: Covid-19: agnotology, inequality, and leadership (tandfonline.com)

According to Wikipedia (Agnotology - Wikipedia): 
“Active causes of culturally-induced ignorance can include the influence of the media, corporations, and governmental agencies, through secrecy and suppression of information, document destruction, and selective memory”.

If people know how to best select information, we can counteract the problem of the politicized debate that divides science.
paper on Frontiersin ​https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577740/full 
paper on Tandfonline  ​https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13678868.2020.1779544
]]><![CDATA[1 - Gaslighting]]>Sun, 07 Aug 2022 09:05:53 GMThttp://followthescience.nl/psychology-in-practice/gaslightingGaslighting uitgelegd. Hoe kan je het herkennen in je relatie, op het werk en in de maatschappij? Wat kun je er aan doen? Bij gaslighting verdraait iemand de waarheid om zo een ander steeds meer aan zichzelf te laten twijfelen. Dit geeft macht: hoe onzekerder het slachtoffer is, hoe meer hij of zij vertrouwt op en afhankelijk wordt van de gaslighter.

published article ​ www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.950965/full
Gas lighting explained. How can you recognize it in your relationship, at work and in society? What can you do about it?

In gaslighting, someone twists the truth in order to make another person doubt themselves more and more. This gives power: the more insecure the victim becomes, the more he or she relies on and becomes dependent on the gaslighter.
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